Kdo chodil s Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord?

Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (; French: [ʃaʁl mɔʁis də tal(ɛ)ʁɑ̃ peʁiɡɔʁ, moʁ-]; 2 February 1754 – 17 May 1838), 1st Prince of Benevento, then Prince of Talleyrand, was a French secularized clergyman, statesman, and leading diplomat. After studying theology, he became Agent-General of the Clergy in 1780. In 1789, just before the French Revolution, he became Bishop of Autun. He worked at the highest levels of successive French governments, most commonly as foreign minister or in some other diplomatic capacity. He served as the French Diplomat in the Congress of Vienna. His career spanned the regimes of Louis XVI, the years of the French Revolution, Napoleon, Louis XVIII, Charles X, and Louis Philippe I. Those Talleyrand served often distrusted him but found him extremely useful. The name "Talleyrand" has become a byword for crafty and cynical diplomacy.

Talleyrand was Napoleon's chief diplomat during the years when French military victories brought one European state after another under French hegemony. Most of the time, he worked for peace so as to consolidate France's gains. He succeeded in obtaining peace with Austria through the 1801 Treaty of Lunéville and with Britain in the 1802 Treaty of Amiens. He could not prevent the renewal of war in 1803 but by 1805 he opposed his emperor's renewed wars against Austria, Prussia, and Russia. He resigned as foreign minister in August 1807, but retained the trust of Napoleon. He conspired to undermine the emperor's plans through secret dealings with Tsar Alexander I of Russia and the Austrian minister Klemens von Metternich. Talleyrand sought a negotiated secure peace so as to perpetuate the gains of the French Revolution. Napoleon rejected peace; when he fell in 1814, Talleyrand supported the Bourbon Restoration decided by the Allies. He played a major role at the Congress of Vienna in 1814–1815, where he negotiated a favorable settlement for France and played a role in unwinding the Napoleonic Wars.

Talleyrand polarizes opinion. Some regard him as one of the most versatile, skilled, and influential diplomats in European history, while others believe that he was a traitor, betraying in turn the ancien régime, the French Revolution, and Napoleon.

Maria Teresa Antonina Józefina z Poniatowskich Tyszkiewiczowa (ur. 28 listopada 1760 w Wiedniu, zm. 2 listopada 1834 w Tours we Francji) – dama Krzyża Orderowego zakonu maltańskiego.

Urodziła się jako pierwsze dziecko generała-lejtnanta w służbie austriackiej i czeskiej Andrzeja Poniatowskiego (późniejszego księcia Korony Czeskiej) i hrabianki Theresy Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau. Do chrztu trzymała ją cesarzowa Maria Teresa. Jej bratem był książę Józef Poniatowski.

Gdy miała trzynaście lat na gruźlicę zmarł jej ojciec, co spowodowało, że wziął ją pod kuratelę brat jej ojca król Stanisław August Poniatowski. Mieszkając w Wiedniu, zachorowała w szesnastym roku życia, w wyniku czego usunięto jej gałkę oczną. Gdy miała osiemnaście lat, zgodnie z wolą Stanisława Augusta, wydano ją za mąż za Wincentego Tyszkiewicza herbu Leliwa, hrabiego na Łohojsku i Świsłoczy, referendarza wielkiego litewskiego. Małżeństwo nie było udane, dlatego wkrótce opuściła męża.

Przez 30 lat, od 1807, blisko z nią związany był francuski minister spraw zagranicznych Francji Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord.

Adélaïde-Émilie (sometimes Émilie-Adélaïde) Filleul, Marquise de Souza-Botelho (14 May 1761 – 19 April 1836) was a French writer.

Dorothea von Biron, Princess of Courland, Duchess of Dino, Duchess of Talleyrand and Duchess of Sagan, known as Dorothée de Courlande or Dorothée de Dino (21 August 1793 – 19 September 1862), was a Baltic German noblewoman, and the ruling Duchess of Sagan between 1845 and 1862. Her mother was Dorothea von Medem, Duchess of Courland, and although her mother's husband, Duke Peter von Biron, acknowledged her as his own, her true father may have been the Polish statesman Count Aleksander Batowski. For a long time, she accompanied the French statesman Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord; she was the separated wife of his nephew, Edmond de Talleyrand-Périgord.

Baronka Anne Louise Germaine de Staël-Holstein, rozená Neckerová, obvykle nazývaná Madame de Staël, (22. duben 1766, Paříž – 14. červenec 1817, Paříž) byla francouzsko-švýcarská spisovatelka.

Byla dcerou ministra Ludvíka XVI. Jacquese Neckera, provdala se za švédského diplomata a udržovala vztah s politickým filozofem Benjaminem Constantem. Z Paříže se opakovaně uchylovala do exilu, zejména do Švýcarska a Německa, po radikalizaci Francouzské revoluce a znovu po neshodách s Napoleonem.

Věnovala se teoretickým otázkám, jako v eseji De la littérature considérée dans ses rapports avec les institutions sociales (O literatuře posuzované ve vztahu k sociálním institucím), kde popsala determinismus geografického prostředí (srovnání středomořského Homéra se severským Ossianem). V románu Delphine se mimo jiné věnuje otázce postavení ženy, na kterou později naváže George Sandová. K jejím nejvlivnějším dílům patří De l'Allemagne (O Německu), kulturně-intelektuální obraz Německa, který uvedl německou literaturu do francouzského povědomí a významně ovlivnil francouzský romantismus.

Dorothea von Medem (Anna Šarlota Dorothea von Medem, 3. února 1761, Mežotne – 20. srpna 1821, Löbichau) se narodila v Mežotne v tehdejším Kuronsko-zemgalském vévodství. Po sňatku s posledním kuronským vévodou Petrem Bironem byla známá jako vévodkyně Dorothea Kuronská (Dorothea von Kurland). Vedla mj. proslulý aristokratický salon v Berlíně a vykonávala různé diplomatické povinnosti jménem svého manžela.

Dorothée Dorinville, stage name Mademoiselle Luzy (1747–1830), was a French stage actress.

She was engaged at the Comédie-Française in 1764. She became a Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française in 1764. She retired in 1781.

She was most known as a soubrette, but also performed tragedy, and acted as a singer and dancer. She was described as a serious and ambitious stage artist, and was a part of the movement that wished to introduce realistic stage costumes. She was imprisoned in 1771 after having broken the censure laws in a play by Imbert.